tariffs are a market inefficient way to protect domestic industries/jobs. In a completely efficient market, there are no tariffs. The reason other countries take the hit is because protecting their companies is more important than the efficiency gains. China would have ran all European car manufacturers out of business if their companies were not protected.
Tariffs hurt the US because there is nothing to protect. There is no industry here, and so it really just translates to a large tax for the US, and given consumption is 70+% of GDP, its a double whammy. Our economy is just buying stuff cheap and consuming it. (And why shouldn't it be, when we control the money printer?)
We don't have tariffs for the same reason we are the only stock market worth investing in. American companies are the most efficient in the world BECAUSE they aren't protected. If an company is good enough, they don't need tariffs to be protected. The issue is that shitholes like china, india, and europe, simply dont have the wealth to do what we do, and thus rely more on manufacturing, and thus protecting those jobs is vitally important.